Using Mplus on Mac OS X
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Introduction
Mplus for Mac OS X runs from the command prompt. The command prompt in Mac OS X is accessed throughthe Terminal application. Mplus input and output files can be created and viewed using the TextEditapplication.
The Terminal Application
The command prompt in Mac OS X is accessed through the Terminal application. The Terminal applicationis located in the /Applications/Utilities folder. Open a new Terminal window. The Terminal window opens in your home folder by default. The home folder is /Users/loginname where loginname is yourlogin username. For example, /Users/thuy is my home folder.
Note: The term folder and directory will be used interchangeably throughout thistutorial. A folder is a type of file listed in Finder. In Unix and the command prompt,these folders are often referred to as directories.
Checking the Mplus Version
After opening a Terminal window, start by verifying that the Mplus directory is correctly set on thePATH environment variable. At the prompt, type
Note: bash$
will denote the command prompt in the Terminal window.
bash$ mplus -version
The output from the above.command should produce Mplus version and program information.
If you get the message 'mplus: command not found', then the PATH environment variable was not setproperly or needs to be set manually. Please see the information on Environment Variables. Do notcontinue with the tutorial until you are able to get the Mplus version and program informationwith the above command.
Running Mplus with an Mplus Example
Now that you have verified that Mplus runs in the Terminal window, let's start by running one ofthe Mplus examples. First, use Finder to go into the directory (or folder) where Mplus was installed.By default this is the Applications/mplus6.11 folder in the home folder. The Mplus examples arein the Examples folder. Go into the montecarlo folder in the Examples folder and copy the file'mcex3.1.inp'. Paste this file into your home folder.
In the Terminal window, type
bash$ ls mcex3.1.inp
to verify that the file is there. The ls command lists the contents of the current folder.
If you get the message 'mcex3.1.inp: No such file or directory', then either you are not in the homedirectory in the Terminal window or you have not pasted the mcex3.1.inp into the home folder in Finder.To check the current directory in the Terminal window, type the command
bash$ pwd
Once you have successfully copied the mcex3.1.inp file into the home directory and is able to seethe file with the ls command in the Terminal window, then type
bash$ mplus mcex3.1.inp
You should see the following screen output:
This shows a successful Mplus run. As indicated, the output is stored in the file 'mcex3.1.out'.You can locate this file in Finder and view it in TextEdit. To open the file in TextEdit from thecommand prompt, type the following command
bash$ open -e mcex3.1.out
Running Mplus in a Different Folder
It is not necessary to run Mplus in the Terminal window only in the home directory. You can runMplus anywhere. To start, go into Finder and create a new folder called 'MplusAnalyses'. Copy theMplus example ex3.1.inp in the Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguide folder into this folder.Be sure to also copy the data file ex3.1.dat.
Now open a new Terminal window. By default, the Terminal shell will start in the home folder.You can change the current directory in the shell window by using the cd command. Change thecurrent directory to the MplusAnalyses directory.
bash$ cd MplusAnalyses
bash$ cd 'Mplus Analyses'
bash$ cd Mplus Analyses
Tip: Most Unix shells including the one in the Terminal window have supportfor tab completion of file and folder names. When typing a filename, you can type the first fewcharacters that are unique to that filename and then use the TAB key to have the shell completethe filename. For example, in the command above, we can type cd MplusA followed by the TABkey and the rest of the folder name will be filled in automatically.
When you have changed the current directory in the Terminal window to MplusAnalyses, usethe pwd command to verify the current location.
bash$ pwd
Before running Mplus, verify that you have copied the file ex3.1.inp into this directory. Las vegas slot winners videos.
bash$ ls ex3.1.inp
If you get the message 'ex3.1.inp: No such file or directory', then go back into Finder and makesure you have copied this file from the Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguide folder.
Now run Mplus on ex3.1.inp.
bash$ mplus ex3.1.inp
You should see the following screen output:
In Finder, you can find the Mplus output file ex3.1.out in the folder MplusAnalyses.
Location of the Data Files
In the previous example, we copied both the input file ex3.1.inp and data file ex3.1.datinto the MplusAnalyses folder. It is not necessary to have the data file be in the same folder as theinput file.
Go into Finder and copy the example ex3.2.inp from the Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguidefolder into the MplusAnalyses folder. But this time, do not copy the data file ex3.2.datfor this example. Now open the file ex3.2.inp in TextEdit. We will edit the FILE option to pointto the location of the data file. Note that it is also possible to open ex3.2.inp in TextEdit fromthe command prompt in Terminal.
bash$ open -e ex3.2.inp
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Change the FILE option from
to
remember to replace thuy with your own login name. You can also use ~ inplace of /Users/thuy. For example:
Now in the Terminal window, verify that you are in the MplusAnalysis folder by using the pwd
command and then run Mplus on ex3.2.inp.
bash$ pwd
bash$ mplus ex3.2.inp
Keeping Mplus Output Files in a Separate Folder
By default, Mplus creates the output files in the folder where Mplus is run. In previous examples, we have runMplus in the folder where the input files resides. If you want to run Mplus and have the output files be createdin a different folder than where the input file resides, then you can run Mplus in one of the following ways.
First, let's create an Output folder inside the MplusAnalyses folder in Finder. Then go into the Terminal windowand change directory to the Output folder. If you have left opened the Terminal window from the previous run and thecurrent directory is the MplusAnalyses folder, then first change the current folder to the Output folder:
bash$ cd Output
Then run Mplus on ex3.3.inp which resides in the ~/Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguide folder.Since ex3.3.inp is not in the current folder, we need to specify the full path of the input file on the command line.
bash$ mplus ~/Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguide/ex3.3.inp
On the line 'Running input file', Mplus prints out the full path of the input file.
Another way to redirect the Mplus output to a file or folder different than the default is tospecify a third argument on the command line. For example, we can run the above example but have theoutput be saved in a different file.
bash$ mplus ~/Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/usersguide/ex3.3.inp ex3.3new.out
Note the mention of ex3.3new.out on the command prompt. And Mplus states that the outputis saved in this file. You can also specify a folder name and an output filename as the third argumenton the command line. First, let's create a new folder in the Output folder called MonteCarlo in Finder.Now run Mplus on the Monte Carlo example mcex3.4.inp.
bash$ mplus ~/Applications/mplus6.11/Examples/montecarlo/mcex3.4.inp MonteCarlo/mcex3.4.out
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You will find the output mcex3.4.out in the MonteCarlo folder.
In general, if you want to have Mplus output files in a different folder than input files, it isbetter to run Mplus from the output folder and just specify the full path of the input file. That way,if the input setup contains any SAVEDATA requests or PLOT requests, all files produced from the Mplus runwill be found in the same folder.
To install GAMS, please follow the steps below as closely as possible. We advise you to read this entire document before beginning the installation procedure. Furthermore, we recommend to use the PKG installer for Mac OS X because it includes the GAMS Studio and it integrates GAMS into Mac OS X, e.g. it is possible to open the GAMS Studio via the Launchpad.
Two installation procedures are available for GAMS on Mac OS X:
Customise
in the tab Installation Type
you can decide to add GAMS to the PATH as well as to reject the installation of GAMS Studio. Note that adding GAMS to the PATH is done by modifying your shell profile file (~/.zprofile
, ~/.bash_profile
etc.). A backup of your old profile is saved (~/.zprofile.gamsbackup
, ~/.bash_profile.gamsbackup
etc.).GAMS Studio
open the Launchpad
and click the GAMS Studio 34
icon to open the application. Alternatively, go to Applications and open the GAMS Studio 34
application.Install your license via the corresponding GAMS Studio dialog. The license file is nowadays sent via email, with instructions. You can also request a demo license from http://www.gams.com/download.
Optionally, you can create the license file 'gamslice.txt' in a directory that GAMS searches to find a license. GAMS searches a couple of system wide and user specific standard locations for a license file.
Model Library Explorer
and open the TRNSPORT
model (sequence number 001). Run the model and check the contents of the process log, which should be similar to the Terminal output listed in the next bullet point.In order to test the GAMS installation without using GAMS Studio
open a Terminal window. Execute the following commands to see if everything works as expected:
The output should be similar to this:
To uninstall a GAMS installation that was installed using the PKG installer, run the following command from the terminal: sudo bash /Library/Frameworks/GAMS.framework/Versions/34/Resources/uninstall.sh
. Additionally, you can remove GAMS from the PATH in your shell profile file (~/.zprofile
, ~/.bash_profile
) if GAMS was added to the PATH during installation. Gsn casino facebook.
_sfx.exe
file extension, e.g., osx_x64_64_sfx.exe
. Check that it has the execute permission set. If you are not sure how to do this, just type in the command chmod 755 osx_x64_64_sfx.exe
. com.apple.quarantine
flag. There are different solutions to this problem:/Applications/GAMS
, the installer will create the GAMS system directory /Applications/GAMS/gams24.3_osx_x64_64_sfx
. If the directory where you want to install GAMS is not below your home directory, you may need to have root privileges on the machine./Applications/GAMS
. Change to this directory (cd /Applications/GAMS
). Make sure pwd
returns the name of this directory correctly.Create the license file gamslice.txt
in a directory GAMS searches to find a license. The license file is nowadays sent via email, with instructions. You can also request a demo license from http://www.gams.com/download.
gamslice.txt
in the GAMS system directory. This invalidates the code signature and cause Gatekeeper to reject the bundle!GAMS searches a couple of system wide and user specific locations for a license file. For Mac OS X these locations include /Library/Application Support/GAMS
and /Users/username/Library/Application Support/GAMS
. The locations can vary due to different system configuration. One can get an ordered list of data directories GAMS searches for gamslice.txt
by running the program ./gamsinst -listdirs
from the GAMS system directory. Even though this list might contain locations in the system directory, e.g. /Applications/GAMS31.1
we strongly discourage to place gamslice.txt
here.
Change to the GAMS system directory and run the program ./gamsinst
. It will prompt you for default solvers to be used for each class of models. If possible, choose solvers you have licensed since unlicensed solvers will only run in demonstration mode. These solver defaults can be changed or overridden by:
a. rerunning ./gamsinst
and resetting the default values
b. setting a command line default, e.g., gams trnsport lp=soplex
c. an option statement in the GAMS model, e.g: option lp=soplex;
./gamsinst
. It is also good practice to rerun ./gamsinst
when you change your license file if this has changed the set of licensed solvers.To run GAMS you must be able to execute the GAMS programs located in the GAMS system directory. There are several ways to do this. Remember that the GAMS system directory in the examples below may not correspond to the directory where you have installed your GAMS system.
csh
) and its variants you can modify your .cshrc
file by adding the second of the two lines given below: sh
) or Korn (ksh
) shells and their variants can modify their .profile
file by adding the second of the three lines below: If the .profile
file does not exist yet, it needs to be created. You should log out and log in again after you have made any changes to your path..cshrc
file: The correct Bourne or Korn shell syntax (either command line or .profile
) is: Again, you should log out and log in in order to put the alias settings in .cshrc
or .profile
into effect.The following shows the log of a session, where a user downloads a GAMS 24.3.1 system and installs it under Applications/GAMS/gams24.3_osx_x64_64_sfx
. It is assumed that a GAMS license file has been stored as /Users/doe/gamslice.txt
.