In Mac OS X, to type many common diacritics and accentmarks, you can use the Option key. For others, you mayneed to switch keyboard layouts or install additional fonts. You canuse the Keyboard Viewer with both methods to see what characters youcan currently type.
Option key combinations
This table shows the most common keystrokes for typing accentedcharacters. Keystrokes with the [letter] placeholderrequire two sets of keypresses; first, type the Option keycombination, and then type the letter you want to modify.
- This works for all extended characters based on A, C, E, I, L, N, O, S, U, Y, and Z.Another method is through key stroke commands. Use the following methods to insert special characters in.
- Select the mac os virtual machine in left panel list, then click green Start button to start it.; When the virtual machine started, select os language, then click Continue button.; Now the macOS Utilities window will popup, you can install mac os from a time machine backup, reinstall macos, or you can use Disk Utility to create the first partition for the mac os virtual machine.
| Keystroke | Character |
|---|---|
Option-e [letter] | acute (e.g., á) |
Option-` [letter] | grave (e.g., è) |
Option-i [letter] | circumflex (e.g.,ô ) |
Option-u [letter] | |
Option-n [letter] | tilde (e.g., ñ ) |
Option-q | oe ligature ( œ ) |
Option-c | cedilla ( ç ) |
Option-Shift-/ (forward slash) | |
Option-1 (the number 1) | upside-downexclamation point ( ¡ ) |
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.Within the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model, MAC addresses are used in the medium access.
Keyboard layout configuration
To configure additional keyboard layouts in Mac OS X 10.5 or later:
- From the Apple menu, select System Preferences....
- In System Preferences, from the View menu, select Language & Text (10.6 and later) or International (10.5).
- From the Input Sources tab (10.6 and later) or Input Menutab (10.5), in the list of languages and keyboard layouts, check theones you would like to use. If you would like to use the KeyboardViewer, check it near the top of the list. For details, see Using the Keyboard Viewer.
- Close System Preferences.
Once you have chosen other keyboard layouts, a flag will appear on theright side of the menu bar representing the current layout. To use adifferent layout, click the flag, and then select it from thepull-down menu. In 10.6 and later, if you click Keyboard & CharacterViewer, but no additional languages, it will display theCharacter Viewer icon instead of a flag.
Using the Keyboard Viewer
You can use the Keyboard Viewer to see how modifier keys and differentkeyboard layouts affect the characters you type:
- From the Apple menu, select System Preferences....
- In System Preferences, from the View menu, selectLanguage & Text (10.6 and later) or International (10.5).
- Select the Input Sources tab (10.6 and later) or InputMenu tab (10.5), and then check Keyboard & CharacterViewer (10.6 and later) or Keyboard Viewer (10.5). A flag or theCharacter Viewer icon should appear in the menu bar in theupper right corner of your screen. The type of flag you see depends onthe default language you select.
- Click the new icon in the menu bar, and from the menu that dropsdown, select Show Keyboard Viewer.
The Keyboard Viewer windowcontains a virtual keyboard that shows the characters associated withdifferent keys. Here, you can see what characters are created when youhold down modifier keys like Option, Shift,and Command.
Many fonts in OS X contain special characters for additionaldiacritics. To access these special characters:
- Within the application you are currently using, open the Fontpanel (usually from a Show Fonts option in the application'smenus).
- Click the gear widget button:
- From the menu that appears, select Characters....
Start up from macOS Recovery
Determine whether you're using a Mac with Apple silicon, then follow the appropriate steps:
Apple silicon
Turn on your Mac and continue to press and hold the power button until you see the startup options window. Click the gear icon labeled Options, then click Continue.
Intel processor
Make sure that your Mac has a connection to the internet. Then turn on your Mac and immediately press and hold Command (⌘)-R until you see an Apple logo or other image.
If you're asked to select a user you know the password for, select the user, click Next, then enter their administrator password.
Reinstall macOS
D U E L Mac Os 11
Select Reinstall macOS from the utilities window in macOS Recovery, then click Continue and follow the onscreen instructions.
D U E L Mac Os Catalina
Follow these guidelines during installation:
- If the installer asks to unlock your disk, enter the password you use to log in to your Mac.
- If the installer doesn't see your disk, or it says that it can't install on your computer or volume, you might need to erase your disk first.
- If the installer offers you the choice between installing on Macintosh HD or Macintosh HD - Data, choose Macintosh HD.
- Allow installation to complete without putting your Mac to sleep or closing its lid. Your Mac might restart and show a progress bar several times, and the screen might be empty for minutes at a time.
After installation is complete, your Mac might restart to a setup assistant. If you're selling, trading in, or giving away your Mac, press Command-Q to quit the assistant without completing setup. Then click Shut Down. When the new owner starts up the Mac, they can use their own information to complete setup.
Other macOS installation options
When you install macOS from Recovery, you get the current version of the most recently installed macOS, with some exceptions:
- On an Intel-based Mac: If you use Shift-Option-Command-R during startup, you're offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available. If you use Option-Command-R during startup, in most cases you're offered the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. Otherwise you're offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.
- If the Mac logic board was just replaced, you may be offered only the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. If you just erased your entire startup disk, you may be offered only the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.
You can also use these methods to install macOS, if the macOS is compatible with your Mac:
- Use the App Store to download and install the latest macOS.
- Use the App Store or a web browser to download and install an earlier macOS.
- Use a USB flash drive or other secondary volume to create a bootable installer.